Consulting Editor
EDUARDO BOSSONE, MD, PhD, FCCP, FESC, FACC
Department of Public Health, “Federico II” University of Naples, Naples, Italy
Editors
TIMOTHY D. HENRY, MD
The Christ Hospital Heart and Vascular Institute, The Carl and Edyth Lindner Center for Research and Education, The Christ Hospital, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
SANTIAGO GARCIA, MD
Minneapolis Heart Institute, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA; The Christ Hospital, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
Authors
M. CHADI ALRAIES, MD
DMC Harper University Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, USA
SHY AMLANI, MD
William Osler Health System, Brampton, Ontario, Canada
HERBERT D. ARONOW, MD, MPH
Lifespan Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
AKSHAY BAGAI, MD, MHS
Terrence Donnelly Heart Centre, St. Michael’s Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
ALIREZA BAGHERLI, MD
Windsor Regional Hospital, Windsor, Ontario, Canada
MURTAZA BHARMAL, MD
Department of Cardiology, University of California Irvine Medical Center, Irvine, California, USA
ANNA E. BORTNICK, MD, PhD, MSc
Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Division of Geriatrics, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA
NICHOLE BOSSON, MD, MPH, NRP, FAEMS
Assistant Medical Director, Los Angeles County Emergency Medical Services Agency, Sante Fe Spring, California, USA; EMS Fellowship Director and Faculty, Department of Emergency Medicine, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, USA; Clinical Associate Professor of Emergency Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
SUSAN CHENG, MD, MPH, MMSc
Department of Cardiology, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
AUN-YEONG CHONG, MD
University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
NICK CURZEN, BM (Hons), PhD, FRCP
Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, United Kingdom
ABDULLA A. DAMLUJI, MD, PhD, MPH
Associate Professor of Medicine (Cardiology), Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Inova Center of Outcomes Research, Falls Church, Virginia, USA
LAURA DAVIDSON, MD
Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
LAURA DE MICHIELI, MD
Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA; Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
PAYAM DEHGHANI, MD
Prairie Vascular Research Inc, Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada
KYLE DIGRANDE, MD
Department of Cardiology, University of California Irvine Medical Center, Irvine, California, USA
JOSEPH E. EBINGER, MD, MS
Department of Cardiology, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
MATTEO FRONZA, MD
Department of Medical Imaging, Toronto General Hospital, Peter Munk Cardiac Center, University Health Network (UHN), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
MOHAMED GABR, MD
Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA
CHRIS P. GALE, MB BS, BSc (Hons), PhD, FRCP
Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, Leeds Institute for Data Analytics, University of Leeds, Department of Cardiology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, United Kingdom
NIKHIL R. GANGASANI, MPH
Inova Center of Outcomes Research, Inova Heart and Vascular Institute, Falls Church, Virginia, USA; Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia, USA; Northside Hospital Cardiovascular Institute, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
SANTIAGO GARCIA, MD
Minneapolis Heart Institute, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA; The Christ Hospital, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
NIMA GHASEMZADEH, MD
Georgia Heart Institute, Gainesville, Georgia, USA
KARI GORDER, MD
The Christ Hospital Heart and Vascular Institute, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
CINDY L. GRINES, MD
Inova Center of Outcomes Research, Inova Heart and Vascular Institute, Falls Church, Virginia, USA; Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia, USA; Northside Hospital Cardiovascular Institute, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
RAVITEJA R. GUDDETI, MD
Minneapolis Heart Institute Foundation, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
KATE HANNEMAN, MD, MPH
Department of Medical Imaging, Toronto General Hospital, Peter Munk Cardiac Center, University Health Network (UHN), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
TIMOTHY D. HENRY, MD
The Christ Hospital Heart and Vascular Institute, The Carl and Edyth Lindner Center for Research and Education, The Christ Hospital, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
SULEMAN ILYAS, MD
Division of Cardiology, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
ALLAN S. JAFFE, MD
tDepartment of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
ROHAN KANKARIA, BS
Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA
NAVIN K. KAPUR, MD
Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
SHARMILA KHULLAR, MD
Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Laboratory Medicine Program, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
NATHAN KIM, MD
Department of Internal Medicine, Northeast Georgia Health System, Gainesville, Georgia, USA
THOMAS A. KITE, BMEDSCI (HONS), BM, BS, MRCP
Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and the NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, University of Leicester and University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, United Kingdom
ARAVIND KOKKIRALA, MD
United States Department of Veterans Affairs Providence VA Medical Center, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
ANDREW LADWINIEC, MA, MD, FRCP
Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and the NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, University of Leicester and University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, United Kingdom
DAVID W. LOUIS, MD
Lifespan Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
MINA MADAN, MD, MHS
Schulich Heart Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
MAMAS A. MAMAS, MD, DPhil
Professor of Cardiovascular Medicine, Keele Cardiovascular Research Group, Keele University, Keele, United Kingdom; Department of Cardiology Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Institute of Population Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
CONSTANTIN A. MARSCHNER, MD
Department of Medical Imaging, Toronto General Hospital, Peter Munk Cardiac Center, University Health Network (UHN), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Radiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
KESHAV R. NAYAK, MD
Scripps Mercy Hospital, San Diego, California, USA
SUSIL PALLIKADAVATH, MBChB (Hons), BSc (Hons)
Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and the NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, University of Leicester and University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, United Kingdom
AKASH PATEL, MD
Department of Cardiology, University of California Irvine Medical Center, Irvine, California, USA
VALERIYA POZDNYAKOVA, BS
F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
ZAHRA RAISI-ESTABRAGH, MD, PhD, NIHR Clinical Lecturer, William Harvey Research Institute, NIHR Barts Biomedical Research Centre, Queen Mary University, Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew’s Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
MARWAN SAAD, MD, PhD
Lifespan Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
YADER SANDOVAL, MD
Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
CRISTINA SANINA, MD
Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA
JACQUELINE SAW, MD
Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
MICHAEL A. SEIDMAN, MD, PhD
Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Laboratory Medicine Program, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
JAY S. SHAVADIA, MD
Royal University Hospital, Saskatchewan Health, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
DAVID M. SHAVELLE, MD
MemorialCare Heart and Vascular Institute, Long Beach Medical Center, Long Beach, California, USA
KIRSTEN E. SHAW, MD
Department of Graduate Medical Education, Abbott Northwestern Hospital, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
JYOTPAL SINGH, MSc
Prairie Vascular Research Inc, Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada
TIMOTHY D. SMITH, MD
The Christ Hospital Heart and Vascular Institute, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
PAALADINESH THAVENDIRANATHAN, MD, SM
Department of Medical Imaging, Division of Cardiology, Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network (UHN), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
FELIPE SANCHEZ TIJMES, MD
Department of Medical Imaging, Toronto General Hospital, Peter Munk Cardiac Center, University Health Network (UHN), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medical Imaging, Clinica Santa Maria, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
JACOB A. UDELL, MD, MPH
Division of Cardiology, Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network (UHN), Cardiovascular Division, Women’s College Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
SHILPA VIJAYAKUMAR, MD
Lifespan Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
RACHEL M. WALD, MD
Department of Medical Imaging, Division of Cardiology, Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network (UHN), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
BRITTANY WEBER, MD, PhD
Carl J. and Ruth Shapiro Cardiovascular Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
JOSE WILEY, MD, MPH
Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA
MEHMET YILDIZ, MD
The Christ Hospital, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
WESLEY YOUNG, BS
The Christ Hospital Heart and Vascular Institute, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
